Waste disposal device



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H. JORDAN WASTE DISPOSAL DEVICE Jan. 10, 1956 Filed Sept. 24, 1951MRF/521g:

WASTE DPS-AL DEVICE Hans Jordan, Los Angeles, Calif., assi'gnor', bymesne assignments, to Given Machinery Company, Losr Augeles, Calif., acopartnership Application September 24, 1951, Serial No. 248,002

7 Claims. (Cl. 241-257) This invention relates to the waste disposal artand, more particularly, to a device adapted for the comminution anddisposal of garbage or other waste materials and which is suitable forhome or restaurant use where only relatively small volumes .of suchmaterials are normally passed through the device.

The present invention is a continuation-impart of my copendingapplication Serial No. 190,927, tiled October i9, 1950, and is directedto a garbage disposal device of the general character disclosed in myUnited States Patent No. 2,442,812, for Garbage Disposal Device, datedJune 8, 1948. T he disposal device shown in the patent includes an outerhousing section adapted for attachment to the under side of a sink, and.an inner housing section, these sections defining a passage or throatthrough which Waste material and water can .be introduced into acomminuting chamber deiined by the inner section and a rotary tableelement which closes the lower end of the inner section. The tableelement is rotated by an electric motor disposed at the lower end of thedisposal device and has one or more movable cutters which cooperate withfixed cutters on the internal surface of the inner section to comminutethe waste material within the chamber. ln the patented device, openingsor passages are provided in the wall of the inner section through whichthe ycornminuted material can pass downwardly into a port which isconnected to the drain pipe of the sink.

It is common practice in waste disposal devices of this character toprovide considerable clearance between the inner housing section and the`cutter table (such as that above mentioned) in order 'to allow rotationof the latter and to provide an annular passage through which thecomminuted waste material can llow downwardly into the drain passage. lfthis annular passage is made relatively wide, the waste material isquite apt to pass downwardly therethrough before being acted upon bythecomminuting means. On the other hand, if the annular passage is madesutliciently narrow to prevent this condition, then some forms of wastematerials, such as iibrous vegetables, are apt to become caught in thisrestricted passage so as to impair the rotation of the cutter table orhead and to clog the waste disposal device.

ln conventional waste disposal devices it is the usual practice to formthe iixed cutters as lugs which project inwardly from the wall of `theinner housing section, these cutter lugs being ground to provide sharpcorners or edges with which rotary cutters cooperate to eEect theshearing action necessary to comminute the waste material. In suchdevices, the cutter lugs are usually arranged in 4spaced groups aroundthe interior of the inner housing section. In devices in which the lugsare disposed adjacent the bottom of the comminuting chamber the problemof providing the clearance or discharge passage between the innersurface of the inner section and the periphery of the rotary cutter headwhich will allow discharge of the properly `comminuted material and yetprevent the accumulation of unshredded fibrous material therein isindeed a perplexing one. As will be apparent, it the `lower cutting lugsare nited States Patent 2,730,308 vPatented Jan. 10, 1956 disposed inthe plane of the cutting head so as to effect maximum shredding of thematerial, and the periphery of the cutting head is located in proximityto these lower lugs, then there exist arcuate spaces between theperiphery of the head and the wall of the inner housing section at areasbet-Ween the groups of cutter lugs. These spaces are substantially equalto the thickness of the lugs and are in excess of the width necessaryfor the proper discharge of the comminuted material. Consequently, itispossible for larger, unshredded pieces of the material to pass into thedrain pipe to clog the same.

lt is therefore an important object of my invention to provide a wastedisposal device which includes an inner housing section and a cutterhead rotatable Within the section at the lower end thereof, said cutterhead having movable cutters which cooperate with spaced cutter lugs onthe interior of the inner housing section to elfect the comminutingoperation, and to provide passage means for allowing discharge of thecomminuted particles while preventing clogging of the device with uncut,fibrous material.

Another object is to provide in a waste disposal unit of the type havingspaced groups of cutter lugs on the interior of the inner housingsection, relatively narrow openings or passages through which thecomminuted material can be flushed, each passage being disposed betweena pair of the fixed cutter lugs so that, as the material is comminuted,it is immediately discharged into the drain.

Another object is to provide, in a waste disposal device of thecharacter referred to, means disposed between the groups ot' cutter lugsfor directing the material, shredded or rmshredded, through thedischarge passages referred to above. 'lhis object is best attained byproviding arcuate projections or flanges on the interior of the innerhousing section, the flanges being of a thickness equal to that of thecutter lugs so that the flanges and lugs together deine an oritice inwhich the cutter head rotates. in accordance with this invention, thediameter of the orice is only slightly larger than the diameter of thecutter head so that there exists an annular clearance space of extremelysmall width so that the possibility of vegetable iibers and otherattenuated material or relatively hard material such as tin, wire, etc.,becoming wedged between the housing and the cutter head to clog thedevice and thus impair its operation, is entirely avoided. it is afurther object in this respect to so form the arcuate iianges that theytend to direct material, which is thrown radially outwardly, toward thegroups of cutter lugs.

Further obiects of the invention will appear from the followingspecification and from the drawings, which are intended for the purposeof illustration only, and in which:

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of my improved waste disposaldevice;

Fig. 1A is a fragmentary vertical section, corresponding with the upperportion of Fig. l, and showing a slightly modified form of resilientsuspension annulus and splash guard;

Fig. 1B is in general a plan View of the resilient suspension annulus ofFig. 1A, approximately as indicated by the line StB-iB of Fig. lA;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional 'view of the lef sideportion of the lower end of the inner housing section as seen in Fig.l.; l

Fig. 3 is a plan view, in reduced scale, of that portion of the deviceillustrated in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged retail of the means for resiliently connecting thedevice to a sink;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of the means for resiliently connecting thedevice to a drain pipe;

Fig. 5A is a fragmentary sectional view of an alternative means forresiliently connecting the device to a drain PIPE;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through one of thedischarge passages;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig'. 6 showing one of the arcuateprojectionswhich are disposed between the groups of fixed cutter lugs.

Referring to the drawing in detail, the present improved waste disposaldevice includes an outer circular housing section 10 of dome shape, anupper tubular end 11 of the section having a ange 12 provided with aconical lower surface 12. The outer section 10 is adapted to besuspended below a sink 13 by means of a sleeve member 15 which extendsdownwardly through an opening 16 in the bottom wall of the sink, thesleeve memberhaving a flange 17 which rests in a seat formed in thesink. Screwed onto the lower threaded end of the sleeve member is aconnecter ring 18. A metal washer 20 and a resilient ring 21 areinterposed between the ring 1S and the bottom of the sink 13, theresilient ring being compressed slightly by screwing the ring 18upwardly. Studs 22 are screwed into threaded holes in the ring 18 withtheir lower threaded ends projecting downwardly therefrom. A suspensionannulus 23 of resilient material has a circular bead or tongue 24 at itsupper end, the bear being received in a circular groove 2S in the bottomsurface of the ring 18. The lower end of the annulus 23 rests upon theupper flanged end 12 of the upper tubular end 11 of the housing section10. Embedded in the resilient annulus 23 is a metal mounting ring 27which has a depending peripheral flange 2%. The annulus 23 is alsosometimes designated as a supporting ring. As shown in Fig. 4, the lowerend of the peripheral ange is rolled or spun radially inwardly intoengagement with the conical lower surface 12' of the fiange 12 so as topermanently connect the resilient annulus 23 to the upper end portion 11of the housing section 10.

Also embedded in the resilient annulus 23 is a com pressing ring 29whose peripheral portion projects laterally from the periphery of theannulus (Figs. l, lA and 4). Clamping segments 30 are disposedexteriorly of the annulus 23 below the ring 29 with their upper surfacesengaging the rings 29 and 1S, The lower ends of the studs 22 extenddownwardly through holes in the clamping segments 33 and compressingnuts 31 screwed onto these ends and set up against the clamping segmentsforce the latter upwardly into engagement with the ring 18. This actioncauses upward movement of the compressing ring 29 which draws theresilient annulus 23 upwardly into engagement with the ring 1S, the bead24 thus being cornpressed within the groove to provide a uid-tight seal.lt is thus seen that the housing section 10 is resiliently connected tothe sink and suspended therefrom by the components described above.

As will be seen by reference to Figs. l, 1A and 4, the intermediateportion o the resilient suspension annulus 23 disposed between thecompressing ring 29 and the metal mounting ring 2'7 is in tension sothat the weight of the housing 10 and associated inner elements issupported solely by this portion of the annulus. Consequently, thedevice is freely suspended in a resilient manner. This constitutes animportant improvement over previous waste disposal devices in which theupper ends of the housings are merely retained against resilient ringswhich assume a compressed condition and thus have limited resilience.Since the present device is freely suspended by the tensional resilientannulus, it is in effect oatably mounted so that an extremely smooth,quiet and practically vibrationless operation is attained.

As shown in Fig. l, the resilient suspension annulus 23 has an inwardlydirected, downwardly sloping portion 33 which is slit radially toprovide flexible fingers 34 surrounding a central opening 35; thesefingers together providing a splash guard within the interior of theupper end or throat 11 of the housing 10. A blocking member 36 is alsodisposed within the throat 11 to normally prevent passing of theoperators hand into the device.

The form of resilient suspension annulus 23 shown in Figs. lA and 1Bconstitutes a slight modification. of that shown in Figs. 1 and 4. Here,instead of using the peripheral metal ange 28 to attach the annulus 23to the top of the tubular end 11 of the housing section 10, the lowerend of the resilient rubber ring or annulus 23 is vulcanized to the topof the upper end 11, and this attachment may be facilitated by groovingthe upper end 11 at 37 to receive a portion of the vulcanized rubber.Other permanent adherence than vulcanizing might be used, such ascementing. Also in this form, iiexible fingers 34a, which are not a partof the downwardly sloping portion 33a but constitute extensions thereof,are used (instead of the fingers 34), such fingers 34a lying in ahorizontal plane. These fingers 34a are formed by radial slits 33 whichterminate in small circular openings 38a to prevent tearing. The innerends of the iingers 34a define a circular opening 39 which is muchsmaller than the opening 35 of the form of Figs. 1 and 4, whereby toreduce the transmission of noises produced within the comminutingdevices, as more fully described hereinafter.

Secured to the lower end of the housing section 10 is a housing member40. whose lower portion provides a casing 41 for an electric motorhaving a top motor wall 41a through which a rotary motor shaft 42projects upward to receive a rotary table or cutter head 44 screwed onthe shaft and operatively spaced a short distance above the wall 41a.The head 44 includes a relatively heavy cast metal table 45 and apressed metal plate or disc 46, these being thus contained in acompartment 48, above the wall 41a, which also constitutes a dischargecompartment into which material can ow after being comminuted, themember having a discharge spout 49 which is connected to a drainpipe 50.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 5, the spout 49 may be connected to thedrainpipe 50 by the means disclosed therein. Surrounding the spout 49 insealing engagement therewith is a resilient sleeve 52 having aperipheral flange 53, one side of which abuts the end of the drainpipe50. A connector nut 54 surrounds the sleeve 52 and has an annularshoulder 55 which engages the other side of the flange 53. The nut 54 isscrewed onto the threaded end of the drainpipe 50 to compress theresilient flange 53 therebetween and thus provide a uid-tight seal. Thesleeve 52, in addition to serving as a seal, provides a resilientconnection so as to minimize transmission of vibrations from the wastedisposal device to the drainpipe.

In Fig. 5A is shown an alternative means for resiliently connecting thewaste disposal device to a drainpipe. In this modified form ofconstruction, the lower housing member 40 has an annular boss 49' whichis provided with a counterbore 50. A resilient ring 51 is disposed inthe counterbore 50 and retained in axially compressed condition by meansof a split retainer ring 52' which snaps into a groove 53. The resilientring 51 carries a metal sleeve 54 which may be resiliently connected tothe drainpipe by any suitable means, such as that shown in Fig. 5. Sincemetal-to-metal contact is avoided by this resilient connection, thetransmission of vibrations from the waste disposal device to thedrainpipe is effectively avoided.

Supported. by the housing section 40 with its upper and lower endsseated against respective sealing rings 56 and 57 is an inner housingsection 58 which defines a comminuting chamber 60. In accordance withthe present invention, the inner section 58 includes an upper tubularmember 61 and a lower, frusto-conical, tubular member 62, these membershaving annular interengaging tongues and grooves as indicated at 63. Thelower member 62 is provided on its interior with a plurality of cutterlugs or projections 65 whose inner faces are ground to provide sharp,substantially vertical, cutting edges. The cutter lugs 65 may be of anysuitable size and shape and I have found that an efficient cutting orcomminuting action is effected when the lugs have irregular outlines andare spaced and scattered and also are arranged in groups which areirregularly spaced around kthe interior of the member l62 as shown inFig. Vl. Thus these spaced lugs 65 are, ,as illustrated, staggered invarious rrelationships providing irregular, broken rows, bothhorizontally and vertically of the tubular grind ring member 62. Thelowermost lugs 65 cooperate with ledges or flanges, to be laterdescribed, in providing an annular shelf 66 on the lower, inner surfaceof the member 62.

Pivoted on the upper surface of the head, formed by the disc d6, aremovable cutters '70. The cutters '7d are pivoted on rivet-like pins ilprojectingV upwardly from washers 72 retaining the cutters in place. Themovable cutters 'lid are arranged eccentrically of their pivots 71 sothat they function as centrifugal weights when the cutter head 4d isrotated, this action causing the outer cutting edges i3 of the cuttersto cooperate with the cutter lugs 65 to effect comminution of the wastematerial which has been introduced into the comminuting chamber 60through the upper end of the device. During the rotation of the cutterhead 44, the waste material, which rests upon the disc 46, is thrownradially outwardly against the cutter lugs 65 under the influence .ofcentrifugal force, to be comminuted.

The disc 46 is provided with arcuate openings 75 disposed concentricallyof the pivotal axis of each movable cutter 'iii and below each opening arecess 76 is provided inthe upper face of the cutter head 44. A torsionspring '77 is disposed in each recess '76 and has a lower end disposedin a hole '7S in the cutter head 44 and an upper end hooked into anaperture 79 in a movable cutter 7u. The springs i7 are normallyuntensioned and are coiled in a direction such that when the movablecutters '7d are pivoted in counterclockwise direction they are tensionm.During normal full-speed rotation of the cutter head i-i, the cutters 70are caused to pivot in clockwise direction to the cutting position shownby full lines in Fig. 3, under the inliuence of centrifugal force, thislatter pivotal movement being limited by the engagement of the cutterswith stop lugs 30 on the upper surface of the disc e6.

During normal full-speed operation of the device, the power exertedagainst the tip ends of the movable cutters i0 by centrifugal force isapproximately 10% less than the pull-out torque of the motor 4l. Whenthe device is overloaded, the movable cutters tend to open, that is,pivot inwardly away from the stationary cutters 65, due to the decreasein centrifugal force, so as to prevent stalling of the motor el. That isto say, should material tend to become clogged or jammed between thestationary and movable cutters to place excessive load n the drivingelements and thus reduce the speed thereof, the movable cutters 7u tendto pivot inwardly due t0 the decrease in centrifugal force so that thejammed material is automatically released and stalling of the operatingparts is prevented.

From a practical standpoint, it is'impossible to make the movablecutters '79 of suliicient weight to obtain a centrifugal force whichapproximates the pull-out torque of the motor 4l. in addition, when thespeed of the motor decreases, the centrifugal force likewise decreasesat a rapid rate, that is, with the `square of the R. P. M. Moreover,when the cutters 70 pivot inwardly, their entire masses move inwardlytoward the axis of rotation of the cutter head 44 so that the effectiveradius on which the centrifugal force acts is consequently decreased.Ordinarily, this would result in an additional decrease in centrifugalforce. However, in the present device, as vthe movable cutters 7u moveinwardly, the power of the springs '77 increases and thus the loss ofcentrifugal force, due to reduced speed and the shorter eective radius,mentioned above, is counterbalanced. The masses of the components andthe strength of the torsion springs 77" are so calculated that themovable cutters '76 open when the resistance to rotation reachesapproximately 90% of the pull-out torque of the motor. As each movablecutter 70 moves inwardly, its torsion spring 7'7 is wound so that 6after the cutter moves past the obstruction or the resistance iseliminated, the spring forces the cutter outwardly and this, in turn,effects an increase in returning force while the motor attains itsnormal operating speed.

During the operation` of the device, water ows into the comminutingchamber 66 and the comminuted particles are flushed away by the water.As shown best in Figs. 2 and 6, the frusto-conical member 62 is providedwith ,Substantially radially extending slots or passages 85, which aredisposed alternately with the lugs 65. The passages d5 extend outwardlyand downwardly so that the comminuted material by-passes the peripheralportion of the disc i6 and -is flushed downwardly into the dischargecompartment 48. It is to be noted that the lower end of the member 62defines an orifice 86 in which the disc 46 revolves, and that the discis of a diameter such that it closely fits within the orilice. By thisprovision, the possibility of waste material, particularly that of abrous nature, becoming lodged between the disc 46 and the member 62 toimpair the rotation of the movable cutters '70 is minimized.

The present invention provides further means for guarding against thepassage of inadequately shredded or comminuted material and hardmaterial such as wire and other metallic objects into the drainpipe. Itwill be apparent that since the cutter lugs 65 project inwardly from theinner surface of the housing member 62, arcuate spaces ordinarily occurbetween this inner surface and the periphery of the disc 46 in areasdisposed between the groups of the cutter lugs 65, the width of thesespaces being substantially equal to the thickness of the lugs. Unlessthese spaces are eliminated, inadequately comminuted material is apt tobe discharged from the device or to become wedged therein to clog thedevice and wedge between the housing and the cutter head 44 to impairthe rotation of the latter. This condition is ever present inconventional waste disposal devices and, for this reason, such devicesmust be frequently serviced and repaired.

My invention contemplates the provision of means for preventing such adeleterious condition. This means comprises arcuate flanges or ledges 88(Fig. 7) which are formed integrally with the member 62 and whichproject inwardly from the lower, inner surface thereof. The flanges 88are located between the groups of cutter lugs 65 and project from theinner surface of the member 62 a distance equal to the projection of thecutter lugs. The lowermost cutter lugs 65 and the ledges 33 togetherdeline the orifice 86 in which the disc 46 rotates. Stated another way,the ledges 88 and the lowermost cutter lugs 65 together provide aninternal ilange which is continuous except for the circumferentiallyspaced discharge passages 85. It is thus seen that due to the close litbetween the disc 46 and the lugs 65, and between the disc 46 and theilanges 88, it is practically impossible for thin or brous wastematerial to become lodged therebetween to impair the eiiiciency of thedevice.

A stopper device JW-includes a circular plate 91 which has a peripheralgroove in which is disposed a resilient sealing ring 92. The plate 91 isadapted to be disposed within the sleeve member 15, previouslydescribed, and the sealing ring 92 is chamfered to adapt it to rest uponan internal, flanged seat portion 93 of the sleeve member 1S (Fig. l).

The boss 96 of the plate 91 has an axial bore in which a stem or spindlelili) is slidable and rotatable. The spindle lili) is carried by andprojects downwardly from a closure member lill.

The upper end of the spindle 100 projects above the closure member lilland has a handle portion M7 by which the member can be raised.

For the purpose of further reducing noises during comminutingoperations, the form of splash guard provided by the fingers 34a of therubber ring or suspension annulus 23 shown in Figs. 1A and 1B may beemployed. Here, as in the form of Figs. 1 and 4, the sloping p0rtion 33aand the horizontally disposed fingers 34a are integral with thesuspension ring or annulus 23, but the fingers 34a extend' radiallyinward far enough to provide the previously mentionedV opening 39 whichis much smaller than the opening 35 of the form seen in Fig. 1. As aconsequence, if the stopper device 90 is entirely removed from thesleeve member 15, a modest supply of water will completely cover thesplash guard 33a, 34a, and the small opening39, thereby providing acomplete coextensive water barrier which largely deadens or preventstransmission of noises upward from the comminuting chamber. Of course,when the stopper device 90 is in place and is partly open, as abovedescribed, such additional water barrier further reduces noisetransmission. The capacity of the small circular opening 39 may beroughly that of the combined area of the two arcuate passages 94 and 95through the plate 91. From the standpoint of actual dimensions, thediameter of the opening 39 may be about one inch to one and one-eighthinches in a device where the internal diameter of the sleeve member 15and the suspension annulus 23 are roughly three inches. Otherwisestated, the capacity of the opening 39 may be about one-tenth toone-seventh or about 10% to 15% of the capacity of the throat of thesleeve member 15, or the exposed area of the whole splash guard 33a, 34a(within the opening 39), which roughly approximates the maximum passageprovided upon total downward deflection of the flexible, resilientfingers 34a.

It will also be observed from the foregoing that the present wastedisposal device constitutes an important improvement over similardevices of conventional construction. As an important feature ofimprovement, the present invention provides means for directing thecomminuted material from the comminuting chamber, this means consistingof a plurality of passages which serve to by-pass the comminutedmaterial around the cutter head to cause it to pass into the dischargecompartment. Another important feature of the invention resides in themeans for preventing clogging of the device with waste material, thismeans comprising flanges which embrace the cutter head in close relationso as to eliminate spaces into which the waste material might otherwiseliow and become wedged to resist rotation of the comminuting means.

I claim as my invention:

l. A waste disposal device, comprising: a housing member deiining acomminuting chamber for receiving waste material, said member having anopen lower end and a plurality of stationary cutter lugs on its innersurface; a cutter head rotatable within the lower open end of saidhousing member and provided with a set of cutters disposed within saidcomminuting chamber and cooperable with said cutter lugs to comminutethe waste material, said housing member having a plurality of outletpassages in its lower end through which the comminuted material can passfrom said chamber; and arcuate flanges on the inner surface of saidhousing member, said flanges and .said cutter lugs together defining anorifice in which said cutter head is rotatable, said cutter head fittingclosely in said orifice so as to avoid an opening in which wastematerial might lodge.

2. A waste disposal device as deined in claim 1 in which said cutterlugs are arranged in circumferentially spaced groups, and in which saidarcuate anges are disposed between said groups of cutter lugs.

3. A waste disposal device as defined in claim 1 in which said cutterlugs are arranged in circumferentially spaced groups, and in which saidarcuate flanges are disposed between said groups of cutter lugs, saidflanges providing rounded ledges.

4. A waste disposal device as in claim 1 wherein said arcuate flangesare disposed at the lower end of said housing member between saidpassages and constitute a circumferential interrupted ledge restrictingdownward movement of comminuted waste excepty for said outlet passages.

5. A device as in claim 1 wherein said cutters are movably mounted onsaid cutter head and are movable away from said cutter lugs and towardsaid cutter lugs to co-operate therewith in comminuting waste material.

6. In a waste disposal device, the combination of: a vertical housingmember defining a comminuting chamber for receiving waste material, saidmember having an open lower end, and having a plurality of lugs on saidlower end and extending substantially radially inwardly therefrom, saidlugs being circumferentially spaced apart, at least some of said lugsforming a circumferentially interrupted inwardly extending iiange, theinner wall of said member having a plurality of downwardly and outwardlyextending outlet passages in its lower end, each of said passages beingdisposed between a pair of said lugs; a cutter head rotatably mountedwithin said lower open end of said housing member, the upper peripheralwall of said cutter head being disposed in substantially the samehorizontal plane as the upper surface of said circumferentiallyinterrupted flange, the outer periphery of said cutter head being spacedfrom said lugs by only a small clearance so as to prevent waste materialfrom passing readily through said clearance; and means for rotating saidcutter head. l

7. A waste disposal device including: a housing ring member defining acomminuting chamber disposed about a vertical axis for receiving wastematerial, said member having an open lower end and a plurality ofstationary cutter lugs on its inner surface, said lugs being spaced andscattered about said inner surface in broken, irregular rows andproviding vertical spaces between vertical rows; and a cutter headrotatable on said axis within the lower open end of said housing memberand provided with cutters disposed within said comminuting chamber andco-operating with said scattered lugs to comminute waste material, thelower portion of said housing having a plurality of outlet passages toreceive comminuted material from the spaces between said vertical rowsof lugs and pass such comminuted material from said chamber, the lowerportion of said housing ring member adjacent said passages beingprovided with inwardly projecting arcuate flange members spaced at saidpassages to define discharge orifices between such flange members, saidarcuate ange members collectively providing a broken annular shelf toretain waste material descending thereon.

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